Enhancing mass vaccination programs with queueing theory and spatial optimization.

Background: Mass vaccination is a cornerstone of public health emergency preparedness and response. However, injudicious placement of vaccination sites can lead to the formation of long waiting lines or , which discourages individuals from waiting to be vaccinated and may thus jeopardize the achievement of public health targets. Queueing theory offers a framework for modeling queue formation at vaccination sites and its effect on vaccine uptake.

Optimizing the location of vaccination sites to stop a zoonotic epidemic.

Mass vaccinations are crucial public health interventions for curbing infectious diseases. Canine rabies control relies on mass dog vaccination campaigns (MDVCs) that are held annually across the globe. Dog owners must bring their pets to fixed vaccination sites, but sometimes target coverage is not achieved due to low participation.

Association Between Changes in Racial Residential Segregation and Trends in Racial Disparities in Early Mortality in 220 Metropolitan Areas, 2001-2018.

Introduction: Racial residential segregation has been shown to affect the absolute levels of racial disparities in a wide variety of health outcomes in the USA but it is not known whether changes in segregation also influence these racial health disparities. This study examines the relationship between changes in racial residential segregation over four decades (1980-2020) and trends in racial disparities in early mortality (under age 65) rates among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White persons across a wide range of health outcomes in 220 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during the period 2001-2018.

Methods: Using the CDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death database, we derived annual estimates of race-specific death rates and rate ratios for each MSA.

Structural racism and racial health disparities at the state level: A latent variable approach.

Introduction Structural racism is increasingly being recognized as a fundamental cause of racial health disparities. We used a novel measure of structural racism at the state level to examine the relationship between structural racism and disparities in death rates from firearm homicide, infant mortality, HIV, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, asthma, and kidney disease between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White people in the United States. Methods We used confirmatory factor analysis to measure the latent construct of structural racism for all 50 states.