Effects of the Biomedical Bleeding Process on the Behavior of the American Horseshoe Crab, , in Its Natural Habitat.

Horseshoe crabs are harvested by the biomedical industry in order to create amebocyte lysate to test medical devices and pharmaceutical drugs for endotoxins. Most previous studies on the impacts of the biomedical bleeding process on horseshoe crabs have focused on mortality rates and sublethal impacts in the laboratory. In this study, we investigated the effects of the bleeding process on the behavior of horseshoe crabs after they had been released back into their natural environment.

A problem-solving intervention for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in veterans: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Health behaviors related to diet, tobacco usage, physical activity, medication adherence, and alcohol use are highly determinative of risk for developing cardiovascular disease. This paper describes a study protocol to evaluate a problem-solving intervention that aims to help patients at risk for developing cardiovascular disease address barriers to adopting positive health behaviors in order to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Methods: Eligible patients are adults enrolled in Veterans Affairs (VA) health care who have not experienced a cardiovascular event but are at elevated risk based on their Framingham Risk Score (FRS).

Rural residents who are hospitalized in rural and urban hospitals: United States, 2010.

In 2010, 17% of the U.S. population lived in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas.

Rural and urban hospitals' role in providing inpatient care, 2010.

Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, 2010. In 2010, 12% of the 35 million U.S.

Comparability between the rates for all-listed inpatient procedures using National Hospital Discharge Survey and Medicare claims, 1999 and 2007.

Objectives: This report examines the comparability between the rates of inpatient procedures for persons aged 65 and over using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and Medicare claims data.

Methods: The estimates in this report are based on data from NHDS and Medicare claims submitted by hospital providers for inpatient stays among Part A fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and over. The discharge rates, selected procedures rates, and comparability ratios are reported for older men and women, by age and sex, for 1999 and 2007.