Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas fontilapidosi KR26.

Lipopolysaccharide was obtained from the aerobic moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas fontilapidosi KR26. The O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and was examined by chemical methods and by H and C NMR spectroscopy, including H,H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and H,C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The following structure of the linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit was deduced.

Inhibition of lysyl oxidases synergizes with 5-azacytidine to restore erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic and myeloid malignancies.

Limited response rates and frequent relapses during standard of care with hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MN) require urgent improvement of this treatment indication. Here, by combining 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) with the pan-lysyl oxidase inhibitor PXS-5505, we demonstrate superior restoration of erythroid differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of MN patients in 20/31 cases (65%) versus 9/31 cases (29%) treated with 5-AZA alone. This effect requires direct contact of HSPCs with bone marrow stroma components and is dependent on integrin signaling.

Nanoliter Scale Parallel Liquid-Liquid Extraction for High-Throughput Purification on a Droplet Microarray.

In the current drug discovery process, the synthesis of compound libraries is separated from biological screenings both conceptually and technologically. One of the reasons is that parallel on-chip high-throughput purification of synthesized compounds is still a major challenge. Here, on-chip miniaturized high-throughput liquid-liquid extraction in volumes down to 150 nL with efficiency comparable to or better than large-scale extraction utilizing separation funnels is demonstrated.

Equilibrium droplet shapes on chemically patterned surfaces: theoretical calculation, phase-field simulation, and experiments.

Hypothesis: Droplet wetting on a solid substrate is affected by the surface heterogeneity. Introducing patterned wettability on the solid substrate is expected to engender anisotropic wetting morphologies, thereby manipulating droplet wetting behaviors. However, when the droplet size is comparable with that of the surface heterogeneity, the wetting morphologies cannot be depicted by the quintessential Cassie's theory but should be possible to be predicted from the perspective of thermodynamics via surface energy minimization.