Application of Bayesian Decision Theory in Detecting Test Fraud.

This article suggests a new approach based on Bayesian decision theory (e.g., Cronbach & Gleser, 1965; Ferguson, 1967) for detection of test fraud.

Accessing Different Protein Conformer Ensembles with Tunable Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization.

Capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) has been used to control the droplet charging of nebulized microdroplets and monitor effects on protein ion conformation makeup as determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Here it is observed that the application of voltage results in noticeable differences to the charge state distributions (CSDs) of ubiquitin ions. The data can be described most generally in three distinct voltage regions: Under low-voltage conditions (<+200 V, LV regime), low charge states (2+ to 4+ ions) dominate the mass spectra.

Chronobiology in breathlessness across 24 h in people with persistent breathlessness.

https://bit.ly/3WVbCrF.

Exposomics: a review of methodologies, applications, and future directions in molecular medicine.

The exposome is the measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. Exposomics is the emerging field of research to measure and study the totality of the exposome. Exposomics can assist with molecular medicine by furthering our understanding of how the exposome influences cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications, metabolic pathways, and immune responses.