Ketogenic Diet-Associated Worsening of Osteoarthritis Histologic Secerity, Increased Pain Sensitivity and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Mice.

Objectives: Dietary interventions are a potentially powerful treatment option for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to evaluate a well-formulated ketogenic diet (KD) in the context of knee OA histology and pain using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model and correlate with gut microbiome and systemic cytokine levels.

Methods: Adult male mice underwent unilateral DMM or sham surgery and were then fed eight weeks of KD or chow.

Pembrolizumab ± paricalcitol in metastatic pancreatic cancer postmaximal cytoreduction.

Lessons Learned: Intravenous paricalcitol did not improve the efficacy of pembrolizumab, likely related to the short half-life.

Background: Immunotherapy has limited benefit in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with the tumor microenvironment playing a key role in immune resistance. In preclinical studies, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists have been shown to sensitize pancreatic tumors to PD-1 blockade.

Longitudinal observational (single cohort) study on the causes of trypanocide failure in cases of African animal trypanosomosis in cattle near wildlife protected areas of Northern Tanzania.

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) in cattle is primarily managed through trypanocide administration and insecticide application. Trypanocides can be used for both treatment and prophylaxis, but failure is often reported; this may occur due to resistance, substandard drugs, or inappropriate administration. This study in Tanzania aims to quantify reasons for trypanocide failure.

Iron deficiency anaemia in a stable chronic intestinal failure cohort: Prevalence, associations and outcomes.

Background & Aims: Current estimates of the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) exceed those seen in general population, however, the studies to-date are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the point prevalence of IDA in a large cohort of stable home parenteral nutrition (HPN) dependent adults managed by a specialist Intestinal Failure Unit.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of HPN-dependent adults managed by a national UK IF Reference Centre between 01/01/2019 and 31/12/2019.

Transforming the chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis.

SUMMARYPrior to 2019, when the orally available drug fexinidazole began its clinical use, the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) was complex and unsatisfactory for many reasons. Two sub-species of the parasite are responsible for HAT, namely the rhodesiense form found in East and Southern Africa and the gambiense form found in Central and West Africa. Diseases caused by both forms manifest in two stages: stage 1 before and stage 2 after central nervous system involvement.