Exploring Vegetarian and Omnivorous Approaches to Cardiovascular Risk and Body Composition.

The role of nutrition in preventing non-communicable diseases has been widely studied in recent years, with indications that non-animal-based diets might improve body composition and therefore bring multiple health benefits. For all of these reasons, the main purpose was to compare body composition and metabolic status between vegetarian and omnivorous individuals and relate these values with cardiovascular risk. The present analysis included 176 participants (61 vegetarians and 115 omnivores).

Cinnamon: an aromatic condiment applicable to chronic kidney disease.

Cinnamon, a member of the Lauraceae family, has been widely used as a spice and traditional herbal medicine for centuries and has shown beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. However, its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention for chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unproven. The bioactive compounds within cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate, can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, gut dysbiosis, and dyslipidemia, which are common complications in patients with CKD.

Resistant Starch Type-2 Supplementation Does Not Decrease Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Level in Hemodialysis Patients.

Dysbiosis is recognized as a new cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in hemodialysis (HD) patients because it is linked to increased generation in the gut of uremic toxins such as trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) from dietary precursors (choline, betaine, or L-carnitine). Nutritional strategies have been proposed to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce the production of these toxins. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of amylose-resistant starch (RS) supplementation on TMAO plasma levels in HD patients.

Resistant starch supplementation effects on plasma indole 3-acetic acid and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mRNA expression in hemodialysis patients: Randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Gut microbiota imbalance is linked to high uremic toxins production such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in chronic kidney disease patients. This toxin can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved with inflammation. Strategies to restore gut microbiota balance can be associated with reduced production of IAA and its deleterious effects.

Resistant starch type-2 enriched cookies modulate uremic toxins and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistant starch (RS) enriched cookies supplementation on mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors (nuclear erythroid 2-related factor, Nrf2; nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB), involved with inflammation and on uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with 26 HD patients was conducted. The patients were assigned to either resistant starch enriched cookies (16 g of RS per day) or placebo cookies supplementation during the first four weeks.