Pharmaceutical Studies on Piperazine-Based Compounds Targeting Serotonin Receptors and Serotonin Reuptake Transporters.

Depression is a debilitating mental illness that has a significant impact on an individual's psychological, social, and physical life. Multiple factors, such as genetic factors and abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels, contribute to the development of depression. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and atypical and new-generation antidepressants are well-known drug classes.

Subcortical Auditory Processing and Speech Perception in Noise Among Individuals With and Without Extended High-Frequency Hearing Loss.

Purpose: The significance of extended high-frequency (EHF) hearing (> 8 kHz) is not well understood so far. In this study, we aimed to understand the relationship between EHF hearing loss (EHFHL) and speech perception in noise (SPIN) and the associated physiological signatures using the speech-evoked frequency-following response (sFFR).

Method: Sixteen young adults with EHFHL and 16 age- and sex-matched individuals with normal hearing participated in the study.

Alterations in Hemolymph Ion Concentrations and pH in Adult Daphnia magna in Response to Elevations in Major Ion Concentrations in Freshwater.

Increases in the concentrations of major ions (Na , K , Ca , Mg , Cl ) in freshwater are a growing concern for ecosystem health. These increases may originate from anthropogenic activities such as road deicing, fracking spills, mining, and fertilizer application and have detrimental effects on freshwater organisms through disturbances in ionoregulation and acid-base balance. The cladoceran Daphnia magna is adapted for active ion uptake and reduction of ion loss to maintain osmotic balance, but alterations in ionic composition of the environmental water are associated with toxicity.

Pulsatility Index of Popliteal Artery in Patients with Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis: A Novel Technique for Detecting Thrombosis.

Background: To investigate the usefulness of popliteal artery spectral doppler findings as a complimentary approach to isolated calf vein thrombosis (DVT).

Material/methods: We included consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic and sonographically proven acute isolated calf DVT. Patients with thrombosis of any other vein were excluded.

Morphometric Analysis of Styloid Process Using Multidetector Computed Tomography.

Styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical anatomical structure located at the anterior side of stylomastoid foramen. Normally, it is 20 to 25  mm in length and can vary with age and sex. An elongated SP is an unusual source of craniofacial and cervical pain.