"Time Variable Earth Gravity Field Models From the First Spaceborne Laser Ranging Interferometer".

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO), launched May 22, 2018 and collecting science data since June 2018, is extending the 15-year data record of Earth mass change established by its predecessor GRACE mission (2002-2017). The GRACE-FO satellites carry onboard a novel technology demonstration instrument for intersatellite ranging, the Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI), in addition to the microwave interferometer (MWI) carried on GRACE. The LRI has out-performed its in-orbit performance requirements both in terms of accuracy as well as the duration of tracking.

The Challenge of Home Allergen Re-introductions Using the Ladder Approach in Children With Non-IgE Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergy.

Oral food challenges remain the most reliable method for allergy confirmation. Although consensus guidelines have been published to unify Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated challenges, this does not exist for non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal allergies outside of Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome. We therefore set out to establish the use of home introduction protocols (HIP) for confirmation of food allergy for milk, soya, egg and wheat using a ladder approach in children with non-IgE mediated allergy.

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease in surgical infants requiring long-term parenteral nutrition.

Purpose: Our aim was to determine incidence, severity, and outcome, as well as predisposing factors and underlying diagnoses, of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in surgical infants requiring long-term parenteral nutrition (PN).

Methods: We retrospectively studied surgical infants receiving PN for at least 28 days for congenital or acquired intestinal anomalies over a 5-year period (January 2006 to December 2010). Intestinal failure-associated liver disease was defined as type 1 (early)--persistent elevation of alkaline phosphatase for 6 weeks or longer; type 2 (established)--additional elevated total bilirubin (≥ 50 μmol/L); and type 3 (late)--additional clinical signs of end-stage liver disease.

Quantitative genetic effects of bottlenecks: experimental evidence from a wild plant species, Nigella degenii.

Understanding the genetic consequences of changes in population size is fundamental in a variety of contexts, such as adaptation and conservation biology. In the study presented here, we have performed a replicated experiment with the plant Nigella degenii to explore the quantitative genetic effects of a single-founder bottleneck. In agreement with additive theory, the bottleneck reduced the mean (co)variance within lines and caused stochastic, line-specific changes in the genetic (co)variance structure.