HIV capsids: orchestrators of innate immune evasion, pathogenesis and pandemicity.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an exemplar virus, still the most studied and best understood and a model for mechanisms of viral replication, immune evasion and pathogenesis. In this review, we consider the earliest stages of HIV infection from transport of the virion contents through the cytoplasm to integration of the viral genome into host chromatin. We present a holistic model for the virus-host interaction during this pivotal stage of infection.

Performance of Iron Phosphate Glass Containing Various Heavy Metal Oxides for Particulate Nuclear Radiation Shielding.

Background: Employees may be exposed to different kinds of ionizing radiation at work. When ionizing radiation interacts with human cells, it can cause damage to the cells and genetic material. Therefore, one of the scientists' primary objectives has always been to create the best radiation-shielding materials.

Evaluation of a long-acting recombinant bovine FSH for multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in dromedary camels.

The present study was conducted to test a new super-agonist recombinant bovine FSH (rbFSH) to induce superovulation (SOV) in dromedary camels. In experiment I, a single IM injection of 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 µg rbFSH was administered (4 donors per group) to determine the effective dose resulting in acceptable multiple ovulation and embryo yield. Administration of 40 µg was ineffective, while 100 and 120 µg were associated with increased numbers of developed follicles, corpora lutea, and recovered embryos compared to administration of 60 and 80 µg.

Typhoid toxin hijacks Wnt5a to establish host senescence and Salmonella infection.

Damage to our genome causes acute senescence in mammalian cells, which undergo growth arrest and release a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that propagates the stress response to bystander cells. Thus, acute senescence is a powerful tumor suppressor. Salmonella enterica hijacks senescence through its typhoid toxin, which usurps unidentified factors in the stress secretome of senescent cells to mediate intracellular infections.