Investigating the Shortcomings of the Flow Convergence Method for Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation in a Pulsatile In-Vitro Environment and with Computational Fluid Dynamics.

The flow convergence method includes calculation of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and is widely used to classify mitral regurgitation (MR) with echocardiography. It constitutes a primary decision factor for determination of treatment and should therefore be a robust quantification method. However, it is known for its tendency to underestimate MR and its dependence on user expertise.

Identifying and Quantifying Borate Environments in Borosilicate Glasses: B NMR-Peak Assignments Assisted by Double-Quantum Experiments.

We discuss the prospects for accurate B magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral deconvolutions for reaching beyond the readily extracted borate speciations offered by the integrated resonances of the coexisting B and B species of the respective BO and BO network groups in borosilicate (BS) glasses. We critically review hitherto proposed B and B NMR-peak assignments relating to their neighboring Si, B and B species, as quantified by MAS NMR spectral deconvolution. Guidance to these resonance assignments was offered from double-quantum-single-quantum (2Q-1Q) B MAS NMR experiments that inform about the B-O-B network linkages.

Co-Therapy with S1P and Heparan Sulfate Derivatives to Restore Endothelial Glycocalyx and Combat Pro-Atherosclerotic Endothelial Dysfunction.

Endothelial cell (EC) glycocalyx (GCX) shedding due to disturbed blood flow and chemical factors leads to low-density lipoprotein infiltration and reduced nitric oxide synthesis, causing vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. This study evaluates a novel therapy combining sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and heparin (heparan sulfate derivative). We hypothesized that heparin/S1P would repair mechanically damaged EC GCX in disturbed flow (DF) regions and restore anti-atherosclerotic mechanotransduction function, addressing cardiovascular disease.