Enhancement of Polyacrylate Antiscalant Activity during Gypsum Deposit Formation with the Pretreatment of Aqueous Solutions with Spruce Wood Shavings.

Considerable efforts are made worldwide to reduce inorganic scale in reverse osmosis plants, boilers and heat exchangers, evaporators, industrial water systems, geothermal power plants and oilfield applications. These include the development of new environmentally friendly antiscalants and the improvement of conventional ones. The present report is dedicated to the unconventional application of spruce wood shavings in combination with polyacrylate (PAA-F1) in a model case of gypsum scale formation.

Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants-The New Materials for Scale Inhibition Mechanism Studies, Antiscalant Traceability and Antiscaling Efficacy Optimization during CaCO and CaSO·2HO Scale Formation.

Equipment scaling leads to reduced production efficiency in a wide range of industrial applications worldwide. Various antiscaling agents are currently commonly used to mitigate this problem. However, irrespective of their long and successful application in water treatment technologies, little is known about the mechanisms of scale inhibition, particularly the localization of scale inhibitors on scale deposits.

Application and Visualization of Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants in Electrodialysis Processing of Aqueous Solutions Prone to Gypsum Scale Deposition.

Membrane scaling is a serious problem in electrodialysis. A widely used technique for controlling scale deposition in water treatment technologies is the application of antiscalants (AS). The present study reports on gypsum scale inhibition in electrodialysis cell by the two novel ASs: fluorescent-tagged bisphosphonate 1-hydroxy-7-(6-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1Hbenzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)heptane-1,1-diyl-bis(phosphonic acid), HEDP-F and fluorescein-tagged polyacrylate, PAA-F2 (molecular mass 4000 Da) monitored by chronopotentiometry and fluorescent microscopy.

A Case Study of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization during Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination in Presence of Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants.

Calcium carbonate scaling in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process is studied in the presence of two novel fluorescent-tagged scale inhibitors 1,8-naphthalimide-tagged polyacrylate (PAA-F1) and 1-hydroxy-7-(6-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2()-yl)heptane-1,1-diyl-bis(phosphonic acid) (HEDP-F) by fluorescent microscopy (FM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both antiscalants diminished the mean size of calcite crystals relative to the blank experiment. The behavior and localization of HEDP-F and PAA-F1 during calcite scale formation on membrane surface was found to be significantly different from the distribution in similar RO experiments with gypsum, reported earlier.

[Computer software and hardware requirements for the differential diagnosis of periodontal diseases using discriminant analysis].

A method of differential diagnosis of parodontium diseases has been devised with the aid of a functional diagnostic system using multichannel rheo- and photoplethysmographs and the deciding rule of discriminant function computation in accordance with an algorithm elaborated. As many as 200 patients have undergone diagnostic examination with the aid of the above-indicated software and hardware system to demonstrate a high probability (92%) of diagnosis.