Superior Efficacy of Apathogenic Genotype I (V4) over Lentogenic Genotype II (LaSota) Live Vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 in Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-H9N2 Vaccinated Broiler Chickens.

A comparison of the efficacy of apathogenic genotype I (V4) and lentogenic genotype II (LaSota) strains of live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines was performed following vaccination with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) H9N2 avian influenza vaccine and challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII.1.1 (vNDV-VII.

Evaluating the effect of Spirulina platensis on the immune response of broiler chickens to various vaccines and virulent Newcastle disease virus challenge.

This study investigated the efficacy of co-administration of Spirulina platensis (SP) with vaccines on the immune response to Avian influenza (AI), Infectious bronchitis (IB), and Newcastle disease (ND), along with I/M challenging by virulent ND virus (vNDV) genotype VII. 126 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into six groups (21 birds/group with three replicates): G1: negative control; G2: positive control; G3: vaccinated, non-SP-supplemented; G4: vaccinated, SP-supplemented (0.1%); G5: vaccinated, SP-supplemented (0.

Pathogenicity of H5N8 avian influenza virus in chickens and in duck breeds and the role of MX1 and IFN-α in infection outcome and transmission to contact birds.

This study examined the pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and transmission potential of the H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination programs against Newcastle disease virus genotype VII in chickens.

The effectiveness of two vectored ND vaccines (Innovax® ND and Vectormune® ND) was tested, in single and prime-boost vaccination programs, against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII, in eight chicken groups (G). G1 and G2 were control groups. G3-5 received Innovax® ND, while G6-8 received Vectormune® ND on the hatchery.

Examination of the protective efficacy of two avian influenza H5 vaccines against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in commercial broilers.

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus of clade 2.3.4.