Predecompression and postdecompression cognitive and affective changes in Chiari malformation type I.

Objective: The role of the cerebellum in cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms is poorly understood and particularly understudied in patients with cerebellar pathologies such as Chiari malformation type I (CM-I). Additionally, it is unclear if interventions targeted toward the cerebellum might impact these life-altering symptoms. The authors sought to characterize pre- and postoperative cognitive and psychiatric function in CM-I patients as evidence for targeted cerebellar treatment for some cognitive and psychiatric conditions.

Reimagining durability of hydrocephalus treatment using conditional survival.

Objective: Conditional survival incorporates the effect of time passed since an event to current data in an easy-to-understand, relevant format. Data from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) registry were analyzed with conditional survival to improve patient and family counseling after hydrocephalus treatment.

Methods: Children with hydrocephalus who underwent first-time treatment by a single proximal catheter ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with or without choroid plexus cauterization with at least 3 years of follow-up in the prospective HCRN registry (14 sites, April 24, 2008-December 31, 2020) were included.

Characterizing Electrode Materials and Interfaces in Solid-State Batteries.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) could offer improved energy density and safety, but the evolution and degradation of electrode materials and interfaces within SSBs are distinct from conventional batteries with liquid electrolytes and represent a barrier to performance improvement. Over the past decade, a variety of imaging, scattering, and spectroscopic characterization methods has been developed or used for characterizing the unique aspects of materials in SSBs. These characterization efforts have yielded new understanding of the behavior of lithium metal anodes, alloy anodes, composite cathodes, and the interfaces of these various electrode materials with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of permanent and temporary CSF diversion in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study.

Objective: This study investigated neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), focusing on the comparative effectiveness of temporary and permanent CSF diversion strategies.

Methods: This multicenter prospective observational cohort study (2012-2021) involved preterm infants diagnosed with PHH who underwent either initial permanent or temporary CSF diversion. Patients were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III), at 15-30 months and, when possible, at 36-42 months of corrected age.

Investigating the Effects of Copper Impurity Deposition on the Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst Materials.

Electrolysis of impure water (such as seawater) has recently garnered research interest as it may enable hydrogen production at reduced costs. However, the tendency of impurity ions and other species to degrade electrocatalysts and membranes within an electrolyzer is a serious challenge. Here, we investigate the effects of copper impurities of varying concentrations on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using platinum electrocatalysts.