Antigen affinity and site of immunization dictate B cell recall responses.

Protective antibodies against HIV-1 require unusually high levels of somatic mutations introduced in germinal centers (GCs). To achieve this, a sequential vaccination approach was proposed. Using HIV-1 antibody knockin mice with fate-mapping genes, we examined if antigen affinity affects the outcome of B cell recall responses.

Multi-compartmental diversification of neutralizing antibody lineages dissected in SARS-CoV-2 spike-immunized macaques.

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the need to understand qualitative aspects of the humoral immune response elicited by spike immunization. Here, we combine monoclonal antibody (mAb) isolation with deep B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing of rhesus macaques immunized with prefusion-stabilized spike glycoprotein. Longitudinal tracing of spike-sorted B cell lineages in multiple immune compartments demonstrates increasing somatic hypermutation and broad dissemination of vaccine-elicited B cells in draining and non-draining lymphoid compartments, including the bone marrow, spleen and, most notably, periaortic lymph nodes.

Maintenance of caecal homeostasis by diverse adaptive immune cells in the rhesus macaque.

Objectives: The caecum bridges the small and large intestine and plays a front-line role in discriminating gastrointestinal antigens. Although dysregulated in acute and chronic conditions, the tissue is often overlooked immunologically.

Methods: To address this issue, we applied single-cell transcriptomic-V(D)J sequencing to FACS-isolated CD45 caecal patch/lamina propria leukocytes from a healthy (5-year-old) female rhesus macaque and coupled these data to VDJ deep sequencing reads from haematopoietic tissues.

Multi-Omics Approach Points to the Importance of Oxylipins Metabolism in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

The involvement of oxylipins, metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in cancer pathogenesis was known long ago, but only the development of the high-throughput methods get the opportunity to study oxylipins on a system level. The study aimed to elucidate alterations in oxylipin metabolism as characteristics of breast cancer patients. We compared the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) oxylipin profile signatures in the blood plasma of 152 healthy volunteers (HC) and 169 patients with different stages of breast cancer (BC).