Retinoic acid and TGF-β orchestrate organ-specific programs of tissue residency.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are integral to tissue immunity, persisting in diverse anatomical sites where they adhere to a common transcriptional framework. How these cells integrate distinct local cues to adopt the common T cell fate remains poorly understood. Here, we show that whereas skin T cells strictly require transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) for tissue residency, those in other locations utilize the metabolite retinoic acid (RA) to drive an alternative differentiation pathway, directing a TGF-β-independent tissue residency program in the liver and synergizing with TGF-β to drive T cells in the small intestine.

Comparative analysis of CO2 laser and ultracision harmonic scalpel for endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum using a propensity score: A retrospective observational study.

Objectives: Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is a progressive condition that can cause dysphagia and aspiration. Endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy (ECPM) is the gold standard treatment for ZD, but there are various techniques available. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the ultrasonic harmonic scalpel (UHS) versus the CO2 laser (CO2L) for ECPM in ZD.

Distinct epigenomic landscapes underlie tissue-specific memory T cell differentiation.

The memory CD8 T cell pool contains phenotypically and transcriptionally heterogeneous subsets with specialized functions and recirculation patterns. Here, we examined the epigenetic landscape of CD8 T cells isolated from seven non-lymphoid organs across four distinct infection models, alongside their circulating T cell counterparts. Using single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), we found that tissue-resident memory T (T) cells and circulating memory T (T) cells develop along distinct epigenetic trajectories.

Manipulation of α4βδ GABA receptors alters synaptic pruning in layer 3 prelimbic prefrontal cortex and impairs temporal order recognition: Implications for schizophrenia and autism.

Temporal order memory is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). These disorders, more prevalent in males, result in abnormal dendritic spine pruning during adolescence in layer 3 (L3) medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), yielding either too many (ASD) or too few (SCZ) spines. Here we tested whether altering spine density in neural circuits including the mPFC could be associated with impaired temporal order memory in male mice.