The Effect of Spironolactone on β-amyloid-Induced Memory Impairment in Male Rats: The Role of Microglial Inhibition.

Neuroinflammation was indicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous reports have also signified that spironolactone has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the modulatory effects of spironolactone on neuroinflammation and memory loss in a rat model of AD.

The bidirectional effect of prelimbic 5-hydroxytryptamine type-4 (5-HT4) receptors on ACPA-mediated aversive memory impairment in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of serotonergic 5-HT4 receptor agonist/antagonist on memory consolidation deficit induced by ACPA (a potent, selective CB cannabinoid receptor agonist) in the pre-limbic (PL) cortex.

Materials And Methods: We used the step-through passive avoidance test to evaluate memory consolidation of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Bilateral post-training microinjections of the drugs were done in a volume of 0.

Morphological changes in the substantia nigra pars reticulata of the mice during kindling.

Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) has been implicated in modulation, propagation and cessation of seizures. This study aimed to determine whether structural changes occur in SNpr during kindling. Male mice were randomly divided into four groups including early and late-phase kindled groups and their time-matched controls.

Treatment of women's sexual dysfunction using Apium graveolens L. Fruit (celery seed): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional manuscripts refer to plants such as Apium graveolens L. Fruit (celery seed), which could be used to improve sexual function among women. Since that time, local herbal shops in Iran continue to provide this herb as a natural aphrodisiac product.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) Regulates Neuronal Density and IGF-2 Distribution Following Hippocampal Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is a growth factor and anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in memory consolidation. However, the precise role of this factor in acute brain damage is still unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the variations in hippocampal IGF-2 distribution on different days and investigate the effect of recombinant IGF-2 on memory cell density, and IGF-2 distribution following acute hippocampal damage resulting from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).