Advanced Computed Tomographic Localization Techniques for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Emerging computed tomographic (CT) imaging techniques for the localization of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may be superior to the current imaging standard, thus necessitating a critical review and pooling of available evidence.

Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism requires accurate imaging to guide definitive surgical management. Advanced techniques including 4-dimensional computed tomographic (4D-CT) scan have been investigated over the past decade.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the setting of kissing carotids: A technical report and literature review.

Background: The "kissing carotids" (KCS) phenomenon refers to bilateral retropharyngeal displacement of the internal carotid arteries (ICA). This anomalous anatomy can impose a significant surgical challenge to spine surgeons.

Objective: In this report, we describe our approach for an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the setting of kissing carotids.