A New Equation for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Normolipidemia and/or Hypertriglyceridemia.

Importance: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a key cardiovascular disease marker, is often estimated by the Friedewald or Martin equation, but calculating LDL-C is less accurate in patients with a low LDL-C level or hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride [TG] levels ≥400 mg/dL).

Objective: To design a more accurate LDL-C equation for patients with a low LDL-C level and/or hypertriglyceridemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data on LDL-C levels and other lipid measures from 8656 patients seen at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center between January 1, 1976, and June 2, 1999, were analyzed by the β-quantification reference method (18 715 LDL-C test results) and were randomly divided into equally sized training and validation data sets.

Cytokeratin 8 in Association with sdLDL and ELISA Development.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cytokeratins (CKs) which may also be expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are generally considered to be markers for the differentiation of epithelial cells. Small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles, also termed LDL-IV, independently predict risk of CVD.

Validation of a novel homogeneous assay for of HDL3-C measurement.

Background: Low serum concentration of high density lipoprotein2 cholesterol (HDL2-C) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. HDL2-C is calculated indirectly by subtracting high density lipoprotein3 cholesterol (HDL3-C) from total high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the special equipment and long assay times required for HDL3-C measurement have hindered the use of HDL2-C clinically.

Changes in serum concentration of antioxidants following treadmill exercise testing in patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease.

Twenty-four subjects with suspected ischaemic heart disease underwent a treadmill exercise stress test (TEST). Nine individuals developed ischaemia as defined by standard criteria. Total plasma antioxidant status (TPAS), and serum concentrations of vitamin E were measured pre-TEST, and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h following the treadmill test.

Changes in serum concentrations of markers of myocardial injury following treadmill exercise testing in patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease.

Background: The treadmill exercise test (TEST) is frequently used in patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease to establish a diagnosis and estimate future risk. However, its predictive value is poor. We aimed to investigate whether measurement of biochemical markers of myocardial injury could improve the diagnostic value of the procedure.