Highlights from the Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference 2024.

The Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly of the European Respiratory Society gathered in Berlin to organise the third Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference in February 2024. The conference covered key points of acute and chronic respiratory failure in adults. During the 3-day conference ventilatory strategies, patient selection, diagnostic approaches, treatment and health-related quality of life topics were addressed by a panel of international experts.

Leukocyte dysfunction and reduced CTLA-4 expression are associated with perianal Crohn's disease.

Although perianal Crohn's disease (PCD) is highly associated with the exacerbated inflammation, the molecular basis and immunological signature that distinguish patients who present a history of perianal lesions are still unclear. This paper aims to define immunological characteristics related to PCD. In this cross-sectional observational study, we enrolled 20 healthy controls and 39 CD patients.

Divergent androgenic modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection cooperates with dysregulated immune response to dictate worse COVID-19 outcomes in men.

Background: Sex-determined differences are rarely addressed in the management of diseases, despite well-known contrasting outcomes between female and male patients. In COVID-19 there is a remarkable disparity, with higher rates of mortality and more severe acute disease in men compared to women, who are mostly affected by long COVID-19. Furthermore, whether androgens play a protective or detrimental role in COVID-19 is still a matter of debate.

Cinnamaldehyde modulates host immunoinflammatory responses in rat ligature-induced periodontitis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell models.

Cinnamaldehyde is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties, known to regulate host responses to bacterial stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, and its impact on the modulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups:i) control: no ligature + vehicle; ii) ligature: ligature + vehicle; and iii) ligature + cinnamaldehyde (50 mg/kg); all treatments by daily oral gavage.

Medial malleolus malunion with secondary tibiotalar and syndesmotic incongruence - two case reports and ''box resection'' for its treatment.

Introduction: Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Malunion is one of the possible complications, and corrective surgery is often used to avoid long-term disability. However, few studies address medial malleolus malunion and the best revision surgery technique is controversial.