A comparison of veterinary classification schemes, serum ascites albumin gradient, and Boyer's criteria in discriminating transudates from exudates in ascitic dogs.

Objectives: To assess the parameters utilised by and the diagnostic performance of two traditional veterinary classification schemes (named A and B) based on ascites total protein and total nucleated cell count, the Boyer's criteria based on ascites lactic dehydrogenase activity, its serum ratio and the serum total protein, a simplified Boyer's criteria based on ascites lactic dehydrogenase activity and serum total protein only, and finally the serum-ascites albumin gradient in discriminate the pathophysiological origin of the ascites formation in dogs.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study including 291 client-owned dogs with ascites. Ascites aetiology was used to classify the pathophysiology of its formation.

An updated phylogeography and population dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: are they reaching an equilibrium?

Introduction: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) emerged more than three decades ago as one of the most impactful pathogens in the swine industry. Despite being a DNA virus, one of the hallmarks of PCV2 is its high evolutionary rate, which has led to the emergence of different genotypes, each exhibiting varying degrees of evolutionary success. Current knowledge suggests the occurrence of three main waves of genotype dominance, alternating over time (i.

Retrospective evaluation of the short-term response of human intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the management of canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (2010-2015): 27 cases.

Objective: To describe the short-term response, early prognostic markers, and survival after treatment of canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) with human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) and methylprednisolone.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Settings: Private referral veterinary medical center.

D for dominant: porcine circovirus 2d (PCV-2d) prevalence over other genotypes in wild boars and higher viral flows from domestic pigs in Italy.

Introduction: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a key pathogen for the swine industry at a global level. Nine genotypes, differing in epidemiology and potentially virulence, emerged over time, with PCV-2a, -2b, and -2d being the most widespread and clinically relevant. Conversely, the distribution of minor genotypes appears geographically and temporally restricted, suggesting lower virulence and different epidemiological drivers.

Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Clinicopathological and Prognostic Associations in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma.

Tumor cells can induce important cellular and molecular modifications in the tissue or host where they grow. The idea that the host and tumor interact with each other has led to the concept of a tumor microenvironment, composed of immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix, representing a unique environment participating and, in some cases, promoting cancer progression. The study of the tumor immune microenvironment, particularly focusing on the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), is highly relevant in oncology due to the prognostic and therapeutic significance of TILs in various tumors and their identification as targets for therapeutic intervention.