Cortical structure of hallucal metatarsals and locomotor adaptations in hominoids.

Diaphyseal morphology of long bones, in part, reflects in vivo loads experienced during the lifetime of an individual. The first metatarsal, as a cornerstone structure of the foot, presumably expresses diaphyseal morphology that reflects loading history of the foot during stance phase of gait. Human feet differ substantially from those of other apes in terms of loading histories when comparing the path of the center of pressure during stance phase, which reflects different weight transfer mechanisms.

Mechanisms of inhibition of the thioredoxin growth factor system by antitumor 2-imidazolyl disulfides.

The interactions of a series of 2-imidazolyl disulfide antitumor compounds with the thioredoxin reductase(TR)/thioredoxin (hTrx) redox system have been studied. Disulfides III-2 (n-butyl 2-mercaptoimidazolyl disulfide) and VI-2 (ethyl 2-mercaptoimidazolyl disulfide) were substrates for reduction by TR with Km values of 43 and 48 microM. Disulfides IV-2 (1-methylpropyl 2-mercaptoimidazolyl disulfide) and DLK-36 (benzyl 2-mercaptoimidazolyl disulfide) were competitive inhibitors of the reduction of hTrx by TR with Ki values of 31 microM.