Optimizing Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma Biopsy Acquisition: A Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee Consensus Statement.

Trends in diagnostic biopsy sample collection approaches for primary bone sarcomas have shifted in the past 2 decades. Although open/incisional biopsies used to be the predominant approach to obtain diagnostic material for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, image-guided core needle biopsies have increased in frequency and are safe for patients. These procedures are less invasive and reduce recovery times but have potential limitations.

Does Cement Viscosity Impact Antibiotic Elution and In Vitro Efficacy Against Common Prosthetic Joint Infection Pathogens?

Background: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) is commonly used in total joint arthroplasty to treat and potentially prevent prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Multiple properties impact the elution characteristics of antibiotics from PMMA-based ALBC, including viscosity. What is not known is how medium-viscosity cement formulations affect antibiotic elution and how different cement products from different manufacturers compare regarding reaching the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics for common PJI-causing organisms in an in vitro setting.

Bilateral femoral neck fractures in pregnancy suggestive of transient osteoporosis of the hip in a patient with hyperparathyroidism: a case report.

Atraumatic bilateral femoral neck fractures are rare, especially in younger patients and those without significant comorbidities. However, pregnant individuals appear to be at increased risk due to normal physiological changes in calcium balance, leading to transient osteoporosis of the hip. In these individuals, calcium and bone mineral density are generally decreased, reflecting the calcium demands of the developing fetus.

Targeting quorum sensing for manipulation of commensal microbiota.

Bacteria communicate through the accumulation of autoinducer (AI) molecules that regulate gene expression at critical densities in a process called quorum sensing (QS). Extensive work using simple systems and single strains of bacteria have revealed a role for QS in the regulation of virulence factors and biofilm formation; however, less is known about QS dynamics among communities, especially in vivo. In this review, we summarize the diversity of QS signals as well as their ability to influence "non-target" behaviors among species that have receptors but not synthases for those signals.

Substantial Heritability Underlies Fairness Norm Adaptation Capability and its Neural Basis.

The present research uncovers the shared genetic underpinnings of fairness norm adaptation capability, its neural correlates, and long-term mental health outcomes. One hundred and eighty-six twins are recruited and played as responders in the Ultimatum Game (UG) while undergoing fMRI scanning in their early adulthood (Study-1) and are measured on depressive symptoms eight years later (Study-2). With computational modeling, the process of norm adaptation is differentiated from that of fairness valuation in UG.