Efficacy of a Vibrating Crib Mattress to Reduce Pharmacologic Treatment in Opioid-Exposed Newborns: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pharmacologic agents are often used to treat newborns with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) despite known adverse effects on neurodevelopment. Alternative nonpharmacological interventions are needed.

Objective: To examine efficacy of a vibrating crib mattress for treating newborns with POE.

Small loci of astroglial glutamine synthetase deficiency in the postnatal brain cause epileptic seizures and impaired functional connectivity.

Objective: The astroglial enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) is deficient in small loci in the brain in adult patients with different types of focal epilepsy; however, the role of this deficiency in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has been difficult to assess due to a lack of sufficiently sensitive and specific animal models. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo approach for precise and specific deletions of the GS gene in the postnatal brain.

Methods: We stereotaxically injected various adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Cre recombinase constructs into the hippocampal formation and neocortex in 22-70-week-old GS mice to knock out the GS gene in a specific and focal manner.

Actigraphy: Metrics reveal it is not a valid tool for determining sleep in neonates.

Study of emerging sleep-wake patterns in neonates is important for promptly identifying and treating abnormal sleep behaviours to ensure healthy infant development and neurobehavioral outcomes. Current methods to assess sleep are costly, labour intensive, and particularly difficult to implement in fragile, hospitalised infants requiring intensive medical care. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of actigraphy as a tool for detecting sleep in preterm infants, using polysomnography (PSG) as the "gold standard".

Preincubation of endotoxin with monoclonal anti-lipid A (E5), but not in vivo treatment, inhibits circulatory dysfunction.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the toxic lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been shown to bind lipid A in vitro, but clinical trials of such mAbs have yielded mixed results. In 53 rats instrumented for macrocirculatory and cremaster muscle microcirculatory measurements, we examined whether E5, a murine-derived anti-lipid A mAb, could inhibit LPS-induced circulatory dysfunction when incubated with LPS in vitro or given separately in vivo prior to LPS administration. Compared with Control rats (Group I), rats infused with 10 mg/kg Escherichia coli LPS (Group II) displayed marked decreases in arterial pressure and cardiac output and marked decreases in erythrocyte velocity in second, third, and fourth order skeletal muscle arterioles.

Effect of cardiogenic shock on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ampicillin-sulbactam.

A reversible cardiogenic shock model in pigs investigated shock-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ampicillin-sulbactam and the efficacy of this antibiotic regimen in eliminating enteric bacterial translocation. Sixteen pigs were randomly allocated to 3 groups: group I (shock, ampicillin-sulbactam, n = 6), group II (no shock, ampicillin-sulbactam, n = 6), and group III (shock, no ampicillin-sulbactam, n = 4). Nalidixic acid-resistant E.