Development of a Propensity to Self-Medicate with Over-the-Counter Medicines Scale (PSM-OTC).

: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the public's propensity to self-medicate with OTC medicines. Propensity construct items were obtained from the literature and also created as new entities. Three experts reviewed the item pool for face validity.

Patient Influencers: The Next Frontier in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing.

Social media influencers are becoming an increasingly popular strategic communication tactic used across industry verticals, including entertainment, fashion, and beauty, to engage directly with consumers. Pharmaceutical companies have also recently entered the social media marketing arena and-within the bounds of governmental regulations-have found ways to build relationships directly with patients using covert persuasion tactics like partnering with social media influencers. Due to consumers' negative perceptions of pharmaceutical companies, it makes sense that new marketing tactics are being used to establish and improve relationships with consumers.

Did online publishers "get it right"? Using a naturalistic search strategy to review cognitive health promotion content on internet webpages.

Background: One of the most common uses of the Internet is to search for health-related information. Although scientific evidence pertaining to cognitive health promotion has expanded rapidly in recent years, it is unclear how much of this information has been made available to Internet users. Thus, the purpose of our study was to assess the reliability and quality of information about cognitive health promotion encountered by typical Internet users.

A single-institution analysis of the utility of pre-induction ejection fraction measurement in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia.

Anthracyclines, a standard component of induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are known to be cardiotoxic. Existing evidence supporting routine baseline pre-induction cardiac function testing is limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 119 consecutive patients diagnosed with AML at our center from 2009 to 2012.

Literally experts: expertise and the processing of analogical metaphors in pharmaceutical advertising.

This research examined differences between novices and experts in processing analogical metaphors appearing in prescription drug advertisements. In contrast to previous studies on knowledge transfer, no evidence of the superiority of experts in processing metaphors was found. The results from an experiment suggest that expert consumers were more likely to process a metaphor in an ad literally than novices.