Optimization of Toxicity, Biodegradability, and Skin Irritation in Formulations Containing Mixtures of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants Combined with Silica Nanoparticles.

Surfactants play a crucial role in various industrial applications, including detergents and personal care products. However, their widespread use raises concerns due to their potential environmental impact and health risks, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, where they can disrupt the balance of marine life and accumulate in water sources, posing challenges to sustainable development. This study investigates the environmental and health implications of anionic and nonionic surfactants, focusing on their toxicity, biodegradation, and skin irritation potential profiles, especially when combined with silica nanoparticles.

Joint aerobic biodegradation of synthetic and natural textile microfibers and laundry surfactants.

Microfibers (MFs) represent one of the most prominent sources of microplastics in aquatic environments, primarily released during textile washing alongside surfactants found in laundry detergents. This study aimed to investigate the biodegradability of natural (cotton) and synthetic (polyester) MFs individually and in combination with two surfactants: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, anionic) and polyoxyethylene glycerol ester (PGE-OE6, nonionic). Using the OECD 301 F test, the research assessed biodegradation patterns and environmental interactions.

Role of executive functions in the relations of state- and trait-math anxiety with math performance.

The detrimental effect of math anxiety on math performance is thought to be mediated by executive functions. Previous studies have primarily focused on trait-math anxiety rather than state-math anxiety and have typically examined a single executive function rather than comprehensively evaluating all of them. Here, we used a structural equation modeling approach to concurrently determine the potential mediating roles of different executive functions (i.

Complete biodegradability assessment of polyoxyethylene glycerol ester non-ionic surfactant: Aerobic, anaerobic, combined biodegradation and inhibitory effects.

Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability have become one of the most relevant characteristics for all contaminants. This is especially important in case of surfactants, which are discharged in wastewater treatment plants or directly into the aquatic bodies. The aim of this study is the integral assessment of the biodegradability of the non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene glycerol ester PGE-OE.

Antagonistic Toxic Effects of Surfactants Mixtures to Bacteria and Marine Microalgae .

Surfactants can be found in an ever-widening variety of products and applications, in which the combination of several types of surfactants is used to reinforce their properties, looking for synergistic effects between them. After use, they tend to be discarded into wastewater, ending up in aquatic bodies with concerning harmful and toxic effects. The aim of this study is the toxicological assessment of three anionic surfactants (ether carboxylic derivative, EC) and three amphoteric surfactants (amine-oxide-based, AO), individually and in binary mixtures of them (1:1 /), to bacteria and marine microalgae .