Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations and emergency department or urgent care encounters for children, adolescents, and adults during the 2023-2024 season, United States.

Background: The 2023-2024 influenza season had predominant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity, but A(H3N2) and B viruses co-circulated. Seasonal influenza vaccine strains were well-matched to these viruses.

Methods: Using health care encounters data from health systems in 8 states, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated medical encounters from October 2023-April 2024.

Does access to prior mammograms improve the performance of radiographers in interpreting screening mammograms?

Introduction: The impact of previous screening mammograms on radiographers' performance in mammography interpretation is unknown. This study assesses the impact that previous screening mammograms has on radiographers' interpretation of mammograms.

Methods: Thirteen Australian radiographers working for the national breast screening service independently interpreted a mammography test-set containing mammograms of 28 women based on the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists' classification.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines first recommended for use during 2023 were efficacious against lower respiratory tract disease in clinical trials. Limited real-world data regarding respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness are available. To inform vaccine policy and address gaps in evidence from the clinical trials, we aimed to assess the effectiveness against respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged at least 60 years.

Exploring the impact of work experience on the detection of specific cancers across different breast density levels on screening mammograms.

Purpose: This study explores the attributes of true positive and false positive rates in screening mammogram test sets assessed by breast screening radiologists in order to identify the combined impact of prior images, breast density and lesion features with experience factors linked to diagnostic performance.

Methods: 869 radiologists' first-time readings across nine mammogram BREAST test sets with 361 normal and 179 cancer mammograms were collected between 2014 and 2023. Participants viewed digital mammograms on diagnostic monitors and localized abnormal lesions.

Access to prior screening mammograms affects the specificity but not sensitivity of radiologists' performance.

Aims: To establish the impact that access to prior mammograms has on radiologists' performance and the influence of radiologists' characteristics and breast density on their subsequent performance.

Methods: Eight participants independently interpreted 72 digital screening mammograms in two reading sessions using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologist's classification. In the first reading session, participants were given access to current and prior mammograms.