Synthesis and Characterization of a Non-planar Cyclophenylene on Au(111).

We report the surface-assisted synthesis of a non-planar cyclophenylene derivative containing four meta- and two para- connected phenylene moieties on Au(111), via hierarchical Ullmann coupling of a 1,10-dibrominated angular [3]phenylene and subsequent C-C bond cleavage at the four-membered rings. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) were used for the characterization of its chemical structure and electronic properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the experimental observations.

Effects of light regimes on circadian gene co-expression networks in .

Light/dark (LD) cycles are responsible for oscillations in gene expression, which modulate several aspects of plant physiology. Those oscillations can persist under constant conditions due to regulation by the circadian oscillator. The response of the transcriptome to light regimes is dynamic and allows plants to adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions.

Prolactin locally mediates follicular atresia in hyperprolactinemic vizcachas (Rodentia, Chinchillidae).

Infertility in hyperprolactinemic females is attributed to the dysregulation of GnRH release, subsequently affecting gonadotropin levels, and ultimately leading to anovulation. However, in addition to the hypothalamus, prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed in ovaries as well, suggesting potential local effects of PRL in cases of hyperprolactinemia. We have developed an experimental model of sulpiride (SPD)-induced hyperprolactinemia using a wild rodent, the plains vizcacha, and studied the implications of pharmacological PRL levels on folliculogenesis and steroid production.

Estradiol affects the expression of essential molecular factors involved in luteinizing hormone secretion in the plains vizcacha.

The plains vizcacha is a rodent that shows reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis activity at mid-gestation. This process is enabled by the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at mid-gestation, followed by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. However, a decrease in the pituitary GnRH receptor (GnRHR) expression is concomitantly determined.

Dinor-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid conjugation with amino acids inhibits its phytohormone bioactivity in Marchantia polymorpha.

Jasmonates (JAs) are important phytohormones that regulate plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and developmental processes. Distinct JAs in different plant lineages activate a conserved signaling pathway that mediates these responses: dinor-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA) isomers in bryophytes and lycophytes, and JA-Ile in most vascular plants. In many cases, the final responses triggered by these phytohormones depend on the accumulation of specialized metabolites.