Unveiling inverted D genes and D-D fusions in human antibody repertoires unlocks novel antibody diversity.

Antibodies, essential components of adaptive immunity, derive their remarkable diversity primarily from V(D)J gene rearrangements, particularly within the heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-H3) where D genes play a major role. Traditionally, D genes were thought to recombine only in the forward direction, despite having identical recombination signal sequences (12 base pair spacers) at both ends. This observation led us to question whether these symmetrical sequences might enable bidirectional recombination.

Achieving room air quality of room class Ib in the aseptic area using a mobile sterile ventilation unit in a room class II surgical unit.

Introduction: Room air class (RC) Ib may be necessary for surgical procedures in aseptic working areas. The aim of the study was to examine whether a mobile, three-stage sterile ventilation unit (MSVU) can replace a room ventilation system (RVS) with turbulent mixed flow (TMF) in the area of the operating field and on the instrument table from hygienic-microbiological point of view.

Method: During 26 surgeries (varicose vein stripping or treatment of umbilical and inguinal hernias), the microbial load was recorded at 4 measuring points (M1-M4) during regular operations by setting up sedimentation plates and measuring the particle concentration.

Phylogeographic analyses reveal recent dispersal and multiple Wolbachia infections of the bright-eyed ringlet Erebia oeme within the European mountain systems.

The genus Erebia comprises numerous species in Europe. Due to preference of cold environments, most species have disjunct distributions in the European mountain systems. However, their biogeographical patterns may differ significantly.

Learning the language of antibody hypervariability.

Protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive success in modeling proteins. However, general-purpose "foundational" PLMs have limited performance in modeling antibodies due to the latter's hypervariable regions, which do not conform to the evolutionary conservation principles that such models rely on. In this study, we propose a transfer learning framework called Antibody Mutagenesis-Augmented Processing (AbMAP), which fine-tunes foundational models for antibody-sequence inputs by supervising on antibody structure and binding specificity examples.

The association of social determinants of health with oral health status among patients of health resources and services administration funded health centers in the United States.

Objectives: This study examined the association of social determinants of health (SDOH) domains on oral health status.

Methods: We used the nationally representative 2022 Health Center Patient Survey and the 2021-2022 Area Health Resource File. We constructed seven domains on burden of SDOH disadvantage: (1) oral health behavior, (2) dental service use and access, (3) general health service use and access, (4) social, (5) economic, (6) contextual or physical environment, and (7) health condition indicators, and calculated a score per domain.