Cellular pathway disturbances elicited by realistic dexamethasone concentrations in gills of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as assessed by a multi-biomarker approach.

The growing usage of glucocorticoids for a variety of diseases raises concerns since these drugs, including the anti-inflammatory dexamethasone (DEX), are frequently found in the environment. The impact of DEX was evaluated on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) by exposure to environmental concentrations (C1: 4 ng/L; C2: 40 ng/L; C3: 400 ng/L; C4: 2000 ng/L), and sampling at 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) days. A multi-biomarker approach was applied on gills, involved in gas exchange, feed filtering, and osmoregulation.

Gallic and Ellagic Acids Differentially Affect Microbial Community Structures and Methane Emission When Using a Rumen Simulation Technique.

Dietary tannins can affect rumen microbiota and enteric fermentation to mitigate methane emissions, although such effects have not yet been fully elucidated. We tested two subunits of hydrolyzable tannins named gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA), alone (75 mg/g DM each) or combined (150 mg/g DM in total), using the Rusitec system. EA and EA+GA treatments decreased methane production, volatile fatty acids, nutrient degradation, relative abundance of , , but increased .

Hydroponic fodders as alternative feeds for ruminants to reduce ruminal methane emissions: An in vitro study.

Malate, a precursor in the ruminal propionate production pathway, competes with methanogenesis for metabolic hydrogen, offering a way to reduce ruminal methane (CH) production in ruminants. However, cost considerations hinder widespread use of malate in ruminant diets. An alternative approach involves use of transient malate levels generated during seed germination via the glyoxylate cycle.

Physiological Roles of Eumelanin- and Melanogenesis-Associated Diseases: A Look at the Potentialities of Engineered and Microbial Eumelanin in Clinical Practice.

This paper aims to highlight the physiological actions exerted by eumelanin present in several organs/tissues of the human body and to rationalise the often conflicting functional roles played by this biopolymer on the basis of its peculiar properties. Besides pigmentary disorders, a growing number of organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are presently ascribed to the modification of physiological eumelanin levels in terms of alterations in its chemical/structural features, and of a partial loss or uneven distribution of the pigment. The present review analyses the more recent research dedicated to the physiological and pathological actions of eumelanin and provides an insight into some melanogenesis-associated diseases of the skin, eye, ear, and brain, including the most significant neurodegenerative disorders.

Performance of two different artificial intelligence (AI) methods for assessing carpal bone age compared to the standard Greulich and Pyle method.

Purpose: Evaluate the agreement between bone age assessments conducted by two distinct machine learning system and standard Greulich and Pyle method.

Materials And Methods: Carpal radiographs of 225 patients (mean age 8 years and 10 months, SD = 3 years and 1 month) were retrospectively analysed at two separate institutions (October 2018 and May 2022) by both expert radiologists and radiologists in training as well as by two distinct AI software programmes, 16-bit AI and BoneXpert® in a blinded manner.

Results: The bone age range estimated by the 16-bit AI system in our sample varied between 1 year and 1 month and 15 years and 8 months (mean bone age 9 years and 5 months SD = 3 years and 3 months).