How intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor initial dosing impacts patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema.

Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular oedema (DME) may begin with several initial monthly doses. Characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes were compared for eyes with DME that did and did not receive such initial doses.

Methods: This was a retrospective database study using American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry data (01/01/15-31/12/20; index period).

Long-term Treatment Patterns for Diabetic Macular Edema: Up to 6-Year Follow-up in the IRIS® Registry.

Objective: To characterize anti-VEGF intravitreal therapy (IVT) patterns and long-term visual outcomes among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in routine clinical practice in the United States.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's IRIS® (Intelligent Research in Sight) Registry.

Participants: Treatment-naïve patients with DME (no previous IVT in the past 12 months) initiating anti-VEGF IVT from January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2021.

Non-Nutritive Suck Parameters Measurements Using a Custom Pressure Transducer System.

The non-nutritive suck (NNS) device is a transportable, user-friendly pressure transducer system that quantifies infants' NNS behavior on a pacifier. Recording and analysis of the NNS signal using our system can provide measures of an infant's NNS burst duration (s), amplitude (cmH2O), and frequency (Hz). Accurate, reliable, and quantitative assessment of NNS has immense value in serving as a biomarker for future feeding, speech-language, cognitive, and motor development.

Cold exposure impacts DNA methylation patterns in cattle sperm.

DNA methylation is influenced by various exogenous factors such as nutrition, temperature, toxicants, and stress. Bulls from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and other northern areas are exposed to extreme cold temperatures during winter. However, the effects of cold exposure on the methylation patterns of bovine sperm remain unclear.