Mitochondrial translation regulates terminal erythroid differentiation by maintaining iron homeostasis.

Mitochondrial tRNA taurine modifications mediated by mitochondrial tRNA translation optimization 1 () is essential for the mitochondrial protein translation. deficiency was shown to induce proteostress in embryonic stem cells. A recent finding that a patient with gene mutation showed severe anemia led us to hypothesize that dysfunctions may result in defective erythropoiesis.

Quercetin ameliorates celiac-related intestinal inflammation caused by wheat gluten through modulating oxidative stress, Th1/Th2/Treg balance, and intestinal microflora structure.

Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the small bowel, and about 1% of the world's population is afflicted with celiac disease. To date, the most efficient treatment option is that the patient is required to strictly follow a gluten-free diet for their entire life, but it's difficult to adhere to and can lead to new nutritional imbalances, making it urgent to find novel nutritional interventions. Our aim was to explore the effects of nutritional intervention with quercetin on the celiac toxic effects of wheat gluten.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells integrate microbial signals to promote post-inflammation gut tissue repair.

Bone marrow (BM)-resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are often activated following bacterial insults to replenish the host hemato-immune system, but how they integrate the associated tissue damage signals to initiate distal tissue repair is largely unknown. Here, we show that acute gut inflammation expands HSPCs in the BM and directs them to inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes through GM-CSFR activation for further expansion and potential differentiation into Ly6C /G myeloid cells specialized in gut tissue repair. We identified this process to be mediated by Bacteroides, a commensal gram-negative bacteria that activates innate immune signaling.

Bacterial Community Profiling of Tropical Freshwaters in Bangladesh.

Seasonal and spatial variations in the bacterial communities of two tropical freshwater sources in Bangladesh, Lake Dhanmondi in central Dhaka, and a pond in the outskirts of Dhaka, were assessed and compared using PCR-DGGE and deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, as well as heterotrophic enrichments using water samples collected at nine different time points during 1 year. Temporal and spatial variations of common aquatic bacterial genera were observed, but no clear seasonal variations could be depicted. The major bacterial genera identified from these two sites were members of the , and .

Defective Mitochondrial tRNA Taurine Modification Activates Global Proteostress and Leads to Mitochondrial Disease.

A subset of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) contains taurine-derived modifications at 34U of the anticodon. Loss of taurine modification has been linked to the development of mitochondrial diseases, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we showed that taurine modification is catalyzed by mitochondrial optimization 1 (Mto1) in mammals.