What differentiates youths who use e-cigarettes from those who smoke traditional tobacco products?

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has spread among adolescents in many countries, however users' characteristics are not well known. We aimed to compare characteristics of exclusive e-cigarette users to those of exclusive tobacco users and dual users.

Methods: Data come from a representative sample of 11-19 years old students in Paris, surveyed each year between 2013 and 2017.

Disinfecting handheld electronic devices with UV-C in a healthcare setting.

Handheld Electronic Devices (HEDs) play a central role in the hospital environment. However, they can be a vehicle for transmitting (pathogenic) microorganisms. We studied whether disinfection with UV-C light is successful in disinfecting three different HEDs in a clinical setting.

The experiences and needs of relatives of intensive care unit patients during the transition from the intensive care unit to a general ward: A qualitative study.

Background: Relatives of intensive care unit (ICU) patients play an important role as caregivers and can experience emotional distress, also referred to as post-intensive care syndrome-family. A deeper understanding of what relatives go through and what they need may provide input on how to strengthen family-centred care and, in the end, contribute to the reduction of symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome-family.

Method: This is a qualitative descriptive study with semistructured face-to-face interviews after ICU transfers.

[Systematic analysis of the scientific literature on heated tobacco].

Introduction: The tobacco industry (TI) reports that heated tobacco reduces risk of tobacco use and will replace cigarettes. An analysis of the scientific literature was conducted in order to enlighten professionals and decision-makers.

Method: After a Medline query in February 2018, a systematic analysis was conducted.

Conditional Selection of B Cells in Mice With an Inducible B Cell Development.

Developing B cells undergo defined maturation steps in the bone marrow and in the spleen. The timing and the factors that control these differentiation steps are not fully understood. By targeting the B cell-restricted locus to generate an allele that expresses a tamoxifen inducible Cre and another allele in which 1 expression can be controlled by Cre, we have established a mouse model with an inducible B cell compartment.