The Italian Perinatal Surveillance System SPItOSS: insights from Confidential Enquiries.

Background: An effective strategy to reduce perinatal mortality requires an active surveillance system. This includes monitoring cases, organizing multidisciplinary local audits, conducting Confidential Enquiries, identifying avoidable factors, and facilitating changes in the healthcare system. In 2017, the Italian Obstetric Surveillance System launched the SPItOSS pilot Perinatal Surveillance System.

Penile length after penile implant surgery is determined by stretched penile length before surgery.

Background: While various treatment modalities exist, penile prosthesis (PP) implantation offers a permanent solution for patients that do not respond to or are not suitable for other treatment options for erectile dysfunction.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish stretched penile length before surgery as a reliable determining factor of penile length after penile implant surgery.

Methods: For this study, data on penile length before and after PP surgery from three European centers was analyzed.

A Direct Entropic Approach to the Thermal Balance of Spontaneous Chemical Reactions.

When working with, and learning about, the thermal balance of a chemical reaction, we need to consider two overlapping but conceptually distinct aspects: one relates to the process of reallocating entropy between reactants and products (because of different specific entropies of the new substances compared to those of the old), and the other to dissipative processes. Together, they determine how much entropy is exchanged between the chemicals and their environment (i.e.

Stillbirths: results of a pilot population-based surveillance system in Italy (SPItOSS).

Objectives: to describe the results of a pilot population-based perinatal mortality surveillance system, with regards to stillbirths; to study maternal, obstetric, and foetal characteristics, evaluating risk factors and understanding causes.

Design: a cross-sectional study was conducted on incident cases of stillbirths collected by the surveillance system from July 2017 to June 2019 in three Italian Regions (Lombardy, Tuscany, and Sicily).

Setting And Participants: data on stillbirths, resulting from the in-hospital multidisciplinary audits, organised using the Significant Event Audit methodology, were analysed.

Does the Timing of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Impact Outcomes? Analysis of REMARCC Registry Data for Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Versus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Background And Objective: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been called into question on the basis of clinical trial data from the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. Comparative analyses of CN for patients treated with immuno-oncology (IO) versus TKI agents are sparse. Our objective was to compare CN timing and outcomes among patients who received TKI versus IO therapy.