Deep learning-based object detection algorithms in medical imaging: Systematic review.

Over the past decade, Deep Learning (DL) techniques have demonstrated remarkable advancements across various domains, driving their widespread adoption. Particularly in medical image analysis, DL received greater attention for tasks like image segmentation, object detection, and classification. This paper provides an overview of DL-based object recognition in medical images, exploring recent methods and emphasizing different imaging techniques and anatomical applications.

Single spike mutation differentiating XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 enhances SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell transmission and facilitates serum-mediated enhancement.

Introduction: The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses significant challenges to existing therapeutics. The spike (S) glycoprotein is central to both viral entry and cell-to-cell transmission via syncytia formation, a process that confers resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The mechanisms underlying this resistance, particularly in relation to spike-mediated fusion, remain poorly understood.

Cross-sectional study: can endogenous procalcitonin differentiate between healthy and bovine respiratory disease-affected preweaned dairy calves?

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents a significant challenge in cattle management due to its multifactorial nature and lack of a gold standard diagnostic method. Procalcitonin (PCT) has emerged as a potential biomarker for bacterial infections in various species, including cattle. This study aimed to investigate plasma PCT concentration variations in pre-weaned dairy calves categorized as BRD-positive using clinical scores (WRSC; BRD-positive ≥5), thoracic ultrasonography with two cut-off (TUS; BRD-positive ≥1 or ≥3), or a combination of both methods (WRSC/TUS1cm or WRSC/TUS3cm).

Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals disease- and pathology-specific signatures in α-synucleinopathies.

α-synucleinopathies are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein, yet their molecular pathogenesis remains unknow. Here, we explore cell-specific changes in gene expression across different α-synucleinopathies. We perform single-nucleus RNA sequencing on nearly 300,000 nuclei from the prefrontal cortex of individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD, n = 20), Parkinson's disease caused by LRRK2 mutations (LRRK2-PD, n = 7), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 13).