Extracellular vesicles of different cellular origin feature distinct biomolecular corona dynamics.

Initially observed on synthetic nanoparticles, the existence of biomolecular corona and its role in determining nanoparticle identity and function are now beginning to be acknowledged in biogenic nanoparticles, particularly in extracellular vesicles - membrane-enclosed nanoparticle shuttling proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites which are released by cells for physiological and pathological communication - we developed a methodology based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to track biomolecular corona formation on extracellular vesicles derived from human red blood cells and amniotic membrane mesenchymal stromal cells when these vesicles are dispersed in human plasma. The methodology allows for tracking corona dynamics under physiological conditions. Results evidence that the two extracellular vesicle populations feature distinct corona dynamics.

Effect of cryopreservation and semen extender on extracellular vesicles isolated from bull semen.

Introduction: Semen cryopreservation is the most popular practice for semen production for artificial insemination and fertilization in cattle. The Seminal plasma contains extracellular vesicles (spEVs) which modulate sperm viability and function during oocyte fecundation. The study of spEVs in frozen-thawed semen doses may yield novel indicators for predicting bull fertility, but the presence of the semen extender may hinder molecular profiling of spEVs.

Supramolecular Hydrogels for 3D Biosensors and Bioassays.

Supramolecular hydrogels play a pivotal role in many fields of biomedical research, including emerging applications in designing advanced tools for point-of-care testing, clinical diagnostics, and lab-on-chip analysis. This review outlines the growing relevance of supramolecular hydrogels in biosensing and bioassay devices, highlighting recent advancements that deliver increased sensitivity, real-time monitoring, and multiplexing capabilities through the distinctive properties of these nanomaterials. Furthermore, the exploration extends to additional applications, such as using hydrogels as three-dimensional matrices for cell-based assays.

Design and Optimization of a Silicon-Based Electrokinetic Microchip for Sensitive Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicles.

Detection of analytes using streaming current has previously been explored using both experimental approaches and theoretical analyses of such data. However, further developments are needed for establishing a viable microchip that can be exploited to deliver a sensitive, robust, and scalable biosensor device. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of such a device on silicon wafer using a scalable silicon microfabrication technology followed by characterization and optimization of this sensor for detection of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with sizes in the range of 30 to 200 nm, as determined by nanoparticle tracking analyses.

Addressing Heterogeneity in Direct Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Analogs by Membrane Sensing Peptides as Pan-Vesicular Affinity Probes.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication, hold significant diagnostic potential due to their ability to concentrate protein biomarkers in bodily fluids. However, challenges in isolating EVs from biological specimens hinder their widespread use. The preferred strategy involves direct analysis, integrating isolation and analysis solutions, with immunoaffinity methods currently dominating.