Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease: An Update on New Treatment Options.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in approximately 50% of patients and remains a primary driver of non-relapse and transplant-related mortality. The best treatment remains prevention with either in vivo or ex vivo T-cell depletion, with multiple strategies used worldwide based on factors such as institution preference, ability to perform graft manipulation, and ongoing clinical trials. Predicting patients at high risk for developing severe acute GVHD based on clinical and biomarker-based criteria allows for escalation or potential de-escalation of therapy.

Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality Advances and Applications in Interventional Radiology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) uses computer algorithms to process and interpret data as well as perform tasks, while continuously redefining itself. Machine learning, a subset of AI, is based on reverse training in which evaluation and extraction of data occur from exposure to labeled examples. AI is capable of using neural networks to extract more complex, high-level data, even from unlabeled data sets, and better emulate, or even exceed, the human brain.

Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia in the setting of acute COVID-19 infection.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) often presents with significant coagulopathy which may result in both hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has complicated the initial treatment and diagnosis of APL owing to the viral infection's own associated coagulopathy. Here we report two cases of APL newly diagnosed in the setting of COVID-19 infection and considerations in their management.

Letermovir Discontinuation at Day 100 After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Is Associated With Increased CMV-Related Mortality.

Letermovir is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in CMV seropositive recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) up to day 100. Letermovir use up to day 100 after alloSCT has demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi) at 24 weeks and an overall mortality benefit as far as 48 weeks after transplantation. We report data on csCMVi incidence beyond 24 weeks and overall survival (OS) beyond 48 weeks and outcomes for patients who had a prior alloSCT, are CMV seronegative with seropositive donor (D+/R-), or are high risk (defined as those receiving haploidentical transplants, mismatched transplants, T-cell-depleted grafts, umbilical cord blood transplants, prednisone ≥1 mg/kg or equivalent steroid use, or the use of 2 or more immunosuppressants).