Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is complex and not completely known. Emerging new biomarkers that evaluate synaptic function (VILIP-1, neurogranin), co-pathology (alpha-synuclein), and neurodegeneration (NFL) are potential candidates to be incorporated into the early AD diagnosis. To better understand the relevance of these biomarkers, we evaluated the correlations between their CSF concentrations with whole-brain grey matter volumes in SCD and MCI, according to their amyloid status (A- or A+).

Biomarkers.

Background: Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that physical exercise is a protective factor against the clinical evolution of dementia in MCI. Lower muscle strength levels are associated with a greater risk of AD incidence.

Biomarkers.

Background: Positrons Emission Tomography associated with Computed Tomography - PET/CT using the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is a well-established exam for the context of dementia evaluation. However, FDG PET is a method still unavailable in most centers and diagnostic accuracy depends on the development of a flowchart that involves proper indication by clinicians and specialized evaluation by nuclear medicine specialists. Our study aims to investigate the indications of FDG PET in the differential diagnosis of dementia in a single center; secondarily, to evaluate how this method aided the diagnostic process.

Biomarkers.

Background: Hippocampus has a key role in the memory and cognitive functions and its volume tends to decrease during aging and is severely affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hippocampal atrophy can be assessed by quantitative volumetry or classified by the Mesial Temporal Atrophy Score (MTA). Here, we perform a comparison between the values of automatic hippocampal volumetry and the MTA score, to analyze possible variations through a correlation curve and their impacts on quantitative and qualitative measures.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is the main neurodegenerative disorder and leading cause of dementia. AD neuropathology involves the extracellular formation of senile plaques with β-amyloid peptide and intraneuronal tau phosphorylation, leading to neurofibrillary tangle accumulation. These can be detected by biomarkers obtained from cerebrospinal fluid or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using specific radiotracers.