Hierarchical growth in neural networks structure: Organizing inputs by Order of Hierarchical Complexity.

Several studies demonstrate that the structure of the brain increases in hierarchical complexity throughout development. We tested if the structure of artificial neural networks also increases in hierarchical complexity while learning a developing task, called the balance beam problem. Previous simulations of this developmental task do not reflect a necessary premise underlying development: a more complex structure can be built out of less complex ones, while ensuring that the more complex structure does not replace the less complex one.

The stage-value model: Implications for the changing standards of care.

The standard of care is a legal and professional notion against which doctors and other medical personnel are held liable. The standard of care changes as new scientific findings and technological innovations within medicine, pharmacology, nursing and public health are developed and adopted. This study consists of four parts.

Does the model of hierarchical complexity produce significant gaps between orders and are the orders equally spaced?

The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) provides an analytic a priori measurement of the difficulty of tasks. As part of the theory of measurement in mathematical psychology, the model of hierarchical complexity (Commons and Pekker, 2008) defines a new kind of scale. It is important to note that the orders of hierarchical complexity of tasks are postulated to form an ordinal scale.

Differences and similarities in cross-cultural perceptions of boundaries: a comparison of results from two studies.

There has been substantial literature on boundary excursions in clinician-patient relationships; however, very little empirical research exists. Even less information exists on how perceptions of this issue might differ across cultures. Prior to this study, empirical data on various kinds of boundary excursions were collected in different cultural contexts.

Forensic experts' perceptions of expert bias.

How do expert witnesses perceive the possible biases of their fellow expert witnesses? Participants, who were attendees at a workshop at the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law were asked to rate for their biasing potential a number of situations that might affect the behavior of an opposing expert. A Rasch analysis produced a linear scale as to the perceived biasing potential of these different kinds of situations from the most biasing to the least biasing. Working for only one side in both civil and criminal cases had large scaled values and also were the first factor.