Co-morbidities and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease in England: A 10-year cohort analysis using hospital episodes statistics (HES) data.

Patients with a primary diagnosis of sickle cell disease (SCD) with or without crisis during the 10-year period January 2009 to December 2018 were identified in the HES Admitted Patient Care (APC) dataset and matched with the Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality dataset. Three sub-cohorts were defined: 'crises', 'transfusions' and 'other SCD'. APC records were examined for co-morbidities commonly associated with SCD and 10-year mortality rates compared with the general population.

Co-morbidities and mortality associated with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia in patients in England: a 10-year retrospective cohort analysis.

A retrospective cohort analysis to explore 10-year mortality and prevalence of transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia (TDT)-associated co-morbidities in patients with TDT was undertaken using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data from the National Health Service (NHS) in England. A 10-year forward-looking cohort analysis for the period 2009-2018 was completed using HES admitted patient care (APC), outpatient data, and linked HES/Office of National Statistics mortality data for patients with β-thalassaemia (ICD-10 diagnosis code D56.1).

Suspension Trauma: A Clinical Review.

Suspension trauma is a potentially dangerous outcome of the body's normal physiological response to motionless vertical suspension from a rope. All who use a safety harness are at risk, and the growing need for occupational work at extreme heights in addition to the interest in caving and mountaineering worldwide has led to an increased number of individuals wearing protective harnesses for work and recreation. It has been described as the cause of death in many climbing incidents and has been demonstrated in multiple studies for improvement of employee fall protection.

Vitreous Humor Changes Expression of Iron-Handling Proteins in Lens Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: In humans, vitrectomy is associated with development of nuclear cataracts. Iron catalyzes free radical formation causing oxidative damage, which is implicated in cataract formation. This study was designed to determine if vitreous humor, which can initiate differentiation of lens epithelial cells, would have an effect on iron-handling proteins.

Hypoxia controls iron metabolism and glutamate secretion in retinal pigmented epithelial cells.

Background: Blood-barrier systems are essential in controlling iron levels in organs such as the brain and eye, both of which experience hypoxia in pathological conditions. While hypoxia's effects on numerous iron regulatory and storage proteins have been studied, little is known about how hypoxia affects iron metabolism. Iron also controls glutamate production and secretion; therefore the effects of hypoxia on iron metabolism and glutamate secretion were studied in polarized retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells.