Ethanol Differentially Affects Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Visual Cortex of Wild-type and Adenosine AR Knock-out Mice.

Ethanol is one of the most commonly used and abused substances in the world. While the behavioral effects of ethanol are well characterized, mechanisms of its action on neurons and synapses remain elusive. Prior research suggested that ethanol could affect neurons by interfering with metabolism of biologically active molecules, such as adenosine.

[Cardiohemodynamic Changes and Cardiac Arrhythmias After Coronavirus Infection].

Aim      To study changes in cardiohemodynamic alterations of the myocardium and heart rhythm disorders at 3 and 6 months following the coronavirus infection.Material and methods   EchoCG, ECG Holter monitoring, and Doppler ultrasonography of hepatolienal blood vessels were performed for 77 patients (mean age, 35.9 years) at 3 and 6 months after coronavirus infection.

Synaptic Plasticity in Cortical Inhibitory Neurons: What Mechanisms May Help to Balance Synaptic Weight Changes?

Inhibitory neurons play a fundamental role in the normal operation of neuronal networks. Diverse types of inhibitory neurons serve vital functions in cortical networks, such as balancing excitation and taming excessive activity, organizing neuronal activity in spatial and temporal patterns, and shaping response selectivity. Serving these, and a multitude of other functions effectively requires fine-tuning of inhibition, mediated by synaptic plasticity.

Distinct Heterosynaptic Plasticity in Fast Spiking and Non-Fast-Spiking Inhibitory Neurons in Rat Visual Cortex.

Inhibition in neuronal networks of the neocortex serves a multitude of functions, such as balancing excitation and structuring neuronal activity in space and time. Plasticity of inhibition is mediated by changes at both inhibitory synapses, as well as excitatory synapses on inhibitory neurons. Using slices from visual cortex of young male rats, we describe a novel form of plasticity of excitatory synapses on inhibitory neurons, weight-dependent heterosynaptic plasticity.

Impaired Fear Extinction Due to a Deficit in Ca Influx Through L-Type Voltage-Gated Ca Channels in Mice Deficient for Tenascin-C.

Mice deficient in the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) express a deficit in specific forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which involve the L-type voltage-gated Ca channels (L-VGCCs). The mechanisms underlying this deficit and its functional implications for learning and memory have not been investigated. In line with previous findings, we report on impairment in theta-burst stimulation (TBS)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in TNC mice in the CA1 hippocampal region and its rescue by the L-VGCC activator Bay K-8644.