Pediatric empyema: Are ultrasound characteristics at the time of intervention predictive of reintervention?

Background: Parapneumonic effusions and empyema are the most frequent complication of pediatric pneumonia. Interventions include chest drain and fibrinolytics (CDF) or thoracoscopic surgery. CDF is considered less invasive, and more cost-effective though with higher rates of reintervention.

Traumatic Urethraggia in Adolescence: Ushering in the New Age of "Extreme Sports".

Herein, we describe a case of a 14-year-old boy with straddle injury to the base of the penis, sustained during an indoor rock climbing accident, who presented with severe urethraggia. Urethral injury was confirmed with retrograde urethrography. The patient became hemodynamically unstable from persistent blood loss, and corporal arterial injury was diagnosed on computed tomography angiography.

The Lymphatic Circulation in Adaptations to the Fontan Circulation.

Failing Fontan continues to be major problem for patients on the univentricular pathway. Failing Fontan is often complicated by chylothorax, plastic bronchitis and protein loosing enteropathy. The role of lymphatic circulation in Fontan circulation is still being researched.