Classification of direct threats to the conservation of ecosystems and species 4.0.

Identifying and assessing the magnitude of direct threats to ecosystems and species are critical steps to prioritizing, planning, implementing, and assessing conservation actions. Just as medical clinicians and researchers need a standard way to talk about human diseases, conservation practitioners and scientists need a common and comprehensive language to talk about the threats they are facing to facilitate joint action, evaluation, and learning. To meet this need, in 2008 the IUCN Species Survival Commission and the Conservation Measures Partnership produced the first version of a common threats classification with the understanding that it would be periodically updated to take into account new information and learning.

Dissolution Behaviour of Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials in Various Biological Media.

Toxicological effects of metal-oxide-engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are closely related to their distinct physical-chemical properties, especially solubility and surface reactivity. The present study used five metal-oxide ENMs (ZnO, MnO, CeO, AlO, and FeO) to investigate how various biologically relevant media influenced dissolution behaviour. In both water and cell culture medium (DMEM), the metal-oxide ENMs were more soluble than their bulk analogues, with the exception that bulk-MnO was slightly more soluble in water than nano-MnO and FeO displayed negligible solubility across all tested media (regardless of particle size).

Selection of metric for indoor-outdoor source apportionment of metals in PM : mg/kg versus ng/m.

Trends in the elemental composition of fine particulate matter (PM ) collected from indoor, outdoor, and personal microenvironments were investigated using two metrics: ng/m and mg/kg. Pearson correlations that were positive using one metric commonly disappeared or flipped to become negative when the other metric was applied to the same dataset. For example, the correlation between Mo and S in the outdoor microenvironment was positive using ng/m (p < 0.

A Microflow Cytometry-Based Agglutination Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Quantitative Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG.

A rapid, sensitive and simple microflow cytometry-based agglutination immunoassay (MCIA) was developed for point-of-care (POC) quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. The antibody concentration was determined by using the transit time of beads aggregates. A linear relationship was established between the average transit time and the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG, respectively.

A Transit Time-Resolved Microflow Cytometry-Based Agglutination Immunoassay for On-Site C-Reactive Protein Detection.

An accurate and rapid microflow cytometry-based agglutination immunoassay (MCIA) suitable for on-site antibody or antigen detection was proposed. In this study, quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) detection was chosen as a model assay in order to demonstrate the detection principle. The average transit time was employed to estimate the extent of the agglutination reaction and improve the detection accuracy as compared to the intensity-dependent methods.