Intrarenal Complement System Transcripts in Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Recurrent IgA Nephropathy in Kidney Transplantation.

The complement system activation and regulation have been linked to post-transplant pathologies including chronic antibody mediated rejection (cAMR) and the recurrence of IgA nephropathy (ReIgAN) but distinct mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this retrospective single center study, the outcome of kidney transplantation was studied in 150 patients with late histological diagnosis to be either cAMR or ReIgAN, 14 stable kidney grafts at 3 months and finally 11 patients with native kidney IgAN nephropathy. To study a role of complement cascade and regulation in cAMR and ReIgAN, the RNA was extracted from available frozen kidney biopsy samples and using RT-qPCR transcripts of 11 target genes along with clinical data were determined and compared with stable grafts at 3 months protocol biopsies or IgAN native kidney nephropathy.

Complement in Kidney Transplantation.

The complement system is considered to be an important part of innate immune system with a significant role in inflammation processes. The activation can occur through classical, alternative, or lectin pathway, resulting in the creation of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, possessing a vast spectrum of immune functions, and the assembly of terminal complement cascade, capable of direct cell lysis. The activation processes are tightly regulated; inappropriate activation of the complement cascade plays a significant role in many renal diseases including organ transplantation.

Molecular patterns of diffuse and nodular parathyroid hyperplasia in long-term hemodialysis.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a well-known complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Both nodular and diffuse parathyroid hyperplasia occur in ESRD patients. However, their distinct molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Effect of phase separation temperature on ester yields from ethanolysis of rapeseed oil in the presence of NaOH and KOH as catalysts.

The effects of phase separation temperatures (5-90°C) on losses of higher fatty acid (C(16) and C(18)) ethyl esters in the glycerol phase were investigated. Losses of ethyl esters produced from ethanolysis of rapeseed oil were 30-60% higher when NaOH rather than KOH was used as homogeneous catalyst. The losses decreased with an increase in separation temperature, resulting in an increase in the yield of the ester phase.

Determination of esters in glycerol phase after transesterification of vegetable oil.

In biodiesel production, glycerol is formed as a side product and it is contained in the glycerol phase. This phase contains (besides glycerol): water, soaps, alcohol, traces of catalyst and glycerides and the remaining esters. In this paper, a new method for the determination of esters in the glycerol phase is introduced.