Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosa cells from individuals submitted to oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis use.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate cytogenetic changes in individuals submitted to oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis use through the micronucleus test in oral mucosa.

Methods: This study consisted of 37 individuals, of whom 17 comprised the pre-exposure prophylaxis group and 20 comprised the control group. A total of 2,000 cells per slide were analyzed for the determination of micronuclei, binucleation, nuclear buds, and cytotoxicity parameters: pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis (KR), in a double-blind manner.

Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral treatment.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate possible cytogenetic changes in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy, through the micronucleus test in oral mucosa.

Methods: This was a prospective study consisted of 40 individuals, of whom 21 comprised the human immunodeficiency virus group and 19 comprised the control group. Children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled.

Two-point discrimination and judgment of laterality in individuals with chronic unilateral non-traumatic shoulder pain.

Background: Cortical representation of the painful body region may be disrupted in several chronic pain conditions. The two-point discrimination test (TPDT) and the Left/Right Judgement Task (LRJT) have been used to identify changes in the cortical body schema in several chronic pain conditions. However, it is unclear if these changes are present for all chronic pain mechanisms.

Clinical evaluation of somatosensory integrity in people with chronic shoulder pain.

Purpose: Indirect evaluation tests of somatosensory integrity, such as the left/right judgment task and two-point discrimination thresholds, are used to complement a clinical evaluation facilitating tailored rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic pain. This study aimed to compare performance on the left/right judgment task and two-point shoulder discrimination thresholds between people with chronic shoulder pain and asymptomatic controls. The study's secondary objective was to investigate whether there is a relationship between pain intensity and the painful area with TPDT and LRJT.

From Paper to Digitalized Body Map: A Reliability Study of the Pain Area.

Background: Computerized methods to analyze pain drawings (PDs) have been developed and may aid to measure the pain area more precisely.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify whether examiners can reproduce the patient's PDs with acceptable reliability.

Methods: This was an intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study.