Cancer neuroscience and glioma: clinical implications.

In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that tumor growth relies not only on support from the surrounding microenvironment but also on the tumors capacity to adapt to - and actively manipulate - its niche. While targeting angiogenesis and modulating the local immune environment have been explored as therapeutic approaches, these strategies have yet to yield effective treatments for brain tumors and remain under refinement. More recently, the nervous system itself has been explored as a critical environmental support for cancer, with extensive neuro-tumoral interactions observed both intracranially and in extracranial sites containing neural components.

Models for the marrow: A comprehensive review of AI-based cell classification methods and malignancy detection in bone marrow aspirate smears.

Given the high prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) research in medicine, the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms based on image recognition, such as the analysis of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) smears, is rapidly increasing in the field of hematology and oncology. The models are trained to identify the optimal regions of the BMA smear for differential cell count and subsequently detect and classify a number of cell types, which can ultimately be utilized for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, AI is capable of identifying genetic mutations phenotypically.

Correction: Microglia are essential for tissue contraction in wound closure after brain injury in zebrafish larvae.

Although in humans, the brain fails to heal after an injury, young zebrafish are able to restore tissue structural integrity in less than 24 h, thanks to the mechanical action of microglia.

Spinal ependymal tumors.

Spinal ependymomas are strictly to be subdivided into intramedullary lesions and extramedullary lesions as they are histologically and genetically distinct. Whereas the intramedullary lesions (SPE) are assigned to the WHO grade 2 and very rarely grade 3, the extramedullary lesions or myxopapilary tumors (MPE) are only as recently also assigned to WHO grade 2. The major difference is that in general, an intramedullary lesion of grade 2 remains confined to the local site of origin, even when rarely recurring after complete resection.