Determinants of Government Expenditures with Health Insurance Beneficiaries in the Brazilian Health System.

: The Brazilian health system provides healthcare financed by the public and private sector, being the first designed to encompass universal healthcare coverage delivered to the population without charge to patients (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS), whilst the second refers to healthcare coverage delivered for individuals with the capacity to pay for assistance through health insurance or out-of-pocket disbursements. Health insurance companies with beneficiaries receiving publicly financed healthcare from the SUS are required to provide the reimbursement of healthcare expenditures to the government, considering that the health insurance beneficiaries obtain deductions of income taxes designed to fund the SUS. Therefore, the study investigated patterns of healthcare utilization and public expenditure due to the use of public healthcare by beneficiaries of health insurance between 2003 and 2019.

Operative technique: Endoscopic transnasal surgery for congenital meningoencephalocele of the anterior skull base.

Congenital meningoencephaloceles of the anterior skull base (ASB) are rare lesions that become evident during childhood and, if not properly diagnosed and treated, can be associated with severe complications. In the past, encephaloceles were treated exclusively with open surgical approaches, which, however, are associated with high complication rates. Recent years have seen the large-scale introduction of transnasal endoscopic approaches to the skull base, and several Authors suggest that endoscopic resection and repair in cases of meningoencephalocele may be the treatment of first choice, being associated with lower complication rates and reduced operative time compared with open procedures.

Gating residues govern ligand unbinding kinetics from the buried cavity in HIF-2α PAS-B.

While transcription factors have been generally perceived as "undruggable," an exception is the HIF-2 hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, which contains an internal cavity that is sufficiently large to accommodate a range of small-molecules, including the therapeutically used inhibitor belzutifan. Given the relatively long ligand residence times of these small molecules and the lack of any experimentally observed pathway connecting the cavity to solvent, there has been great interest in understanding how these drug ligands exit the buried receptor cavity. Here, we focus on the relevant PAS-B domain of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and examine how one such small molecule (THS-017) exits from the buried cavity within this domain on the seconds-timescale using atomistic simulations and ZZ-exchange NMR.

Six-minute walk test as outcome measure of fatigability in adults with spinal muscular atrophy treated with nusinersen.

Introduction/aims: Fatigue (subjective perception) and fatigability (objective motor performance worsening) are relevant aspects of disability in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The effect of nusinersen on fatigability in SMA patients has been investigated with conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate this in adult with SMA3.

Combined Flow-Fluorescence in situ hybridization to HHV-8 and EBV reveals the viral heterogeneity of primary effusion lymphoma.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) infection. Lymphoma cells are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 60-80% of cases. Tools allowing a reliable PEL diagnosis are lacking.