[Voiding cystourethrography : Indications, fluoroscopy technique and radiation protection].

Background: Voiding cystourethrography continues to be the gold standard in the diagnostics of a wide range of diseases of the urinary tract in children.

Material And Methods: Indications, implementation of voiding cystourethrography in terms of preparation, materials used, dealing with the child and the parents as well as the standardized examination technique are presented. In particular, the technical aspects of fluoroscopy devices and criteria for good image quality are discussed.

[Radiation exposure of the eye lens in orthopedics and trauma surgery : A pilot study].

Background: On 27 June 2017 the Act on new regulation of the law for the protection against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation was passed. One of the main innovations in daily surgical practice in the now legally stipulated provisions is the lowering of the eye lens dose to 20 mSv/year (§§ 78, 212 Radiation Protection Act, StrlSchG).

Material And Methods: To estimate the level of exposure of the eye lens to ionizing radiation that is to be expected in the course of surgical interventions, the dose that surgeons receive during surgery was determined.

Organ doses in preterm and full-term neonates and infants - a retrospective study on 1,064 chest radiographs.

Background: Chest radiography is the most frequent X-ray examination performed in the neonatal period. However, commonly used dosimetric entities do not describe the radiation risk sufficiently.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate selected organ doses and total body dose of chest radiographs in preterm and full-term neonates and infants.

TERTIARY X-RADIATION-A PROBLEM FOR STAFF PROTECTION?

The influence of tertiary x-radiation on the radiological staff is widely unknown. Tertiary radiation is caused as the scattered radiation of the patient impacts the walls, floor, ceiling and surrounding air. The question that arises is does tertiary x-radiation provide a relevant contribution to the staff doses.