Genomic Characterization and Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low, Hormone Receptor-Positive, Early Breast Cancers From the BIG 1-98 and SOFT Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate whether hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low (HR+HER2-low) versus HR+HER2-zero early breast cancers have distinct genomic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: This study included HR+, HER2-negative early breast cancers from patients enrolled in the phase III, randomized BIG 1-98 and SOFT clinical trials that had undergone tumor genomic sequencing. Tumors were classified HR+HER2-low if they had a centrally reviewed HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization and HR+HER2-zero if they had an HER2 IHC score of 0.

Outcomes after Heart Transplantation among Non-Native English-Speaking Recipients.

Introduction: Effective communication and understanding are imperative for heart transplant (HT) recipients who require lifelong adherence to treatment plans and medications. Whether non-native English speaking (NNES) recipients have inferior outcomes compared to native English-speaking recipients (NES) has not been studied post-HT.

Methods: We reviewed adult HT recipients at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from January 2005 through December 2022 with primary language determined by chart review.

Re-visiting the potential impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) on the selection of doxycycline resistance in commensals.

Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) is a preventative strategy demonstrated to reduce bacterial sexually transmitted infections in high-risk populations. However, the impact of doxy-PEP on antibiotic resistance acquisition in key members of our microbiomes, is as of yet unclear. For example, commensal are known reservoirs of resistance for gonococci through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and are more likely to experience bystander selection due to doxy-PEP as they are universally carried.

Disparities in cervical cancer elimination timeframes in the United States: a comparative modeling study.

Population-level estimates in timeframes for reaching cervical cancer (CC) elimination (ie, <4 cases per 100,000 women) in the United States may mask potential disparities in achieving elimination among sub-populations. We used three independent Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models to estimate differences in the time to CC elimination across seven strata of correlated screening and human papillomavirus vaccination uptake, based on national survey data. Compared to the average population, elimination was achieved ≥22 years earlier for the high-uptake strata and ≥27 years later for the most extreme low-uptake strata.

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

Commensal Neisseria are members of a healthy human oropharyngeal microbiome; however, they also serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance for their pathogenic relatives. Despite their known importance as sources of novel genetic variation for pathogens, we still do not understand the full suite of resistance mutations commensal species can harbor. Here, we use in vitro selection to assess the mutations that emerge in response to ciprofloxacin selection in commensal Neisseria by passaging 4 replicates of 4 different species in the presence of a selective antibiotic gradient for 20 days; then categorized derived mutations with whole genome sequencing.