Obesity in Prediabetic Patients: Management of Metabolic Complications and Strategies for Prevention of Overt Diabetes.

Obesity and prediabetes affect a substantial part of the general population, but are largely underdiagnosed, underestimated, and undertreated. Prediabetes differs from diabetes only in the degree of hyperglycaemia consequent to the progressive decline in residual beta-cell function. Both prediabetes and diabetes occur as a consequence of insulin resistance that starts several years before the clinical onset of overt diabetes.

Diabetes as a risk factor for pneumococcal disease and severe related outcomes and efficacy/effectiveness of vaccination in diabetic population. Results from meta-analysis of observational studies.

Aims: To collect all available evidence on the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for pneumococcal disease incidence and related complications, and on the efficacy/effectiveness of vaccines in patients with DM.

Methods: Two distinct systematic searches on MEDLINE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov and EMBASE databases were performed, one for each meta-analysis, collecting all observational (cohort and case-control) studies and randomized clinical trials performed on humans up to June 1st, 2023.

Clinical inertia is the enemy of therapeutic success in the management of diabetes and its complications: a narrative literature review.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high social, economic and health burden, mostly due to the high incidence and morbidity of diabetes complications. Numerous studies have shown that optimizing metabolic control may reduce the risk of micro and macrovascular complications related to the disease, and the algorithms suggest that an appropriate and timely step of care intensification should be proposed after 3 months from the failure to achieve metabolic goals. Nonetheless, many population studies show that glycemic control in diabetic patients is often inadequate.

Early Detection of Microvascular Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without and with Diabetic Retinopathy: Comparison between Different Swept-Source OCT-A Instruments.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has recently improved the ability to detect subclinical and early clinically visible microvascular changes occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare early quantitative changes of macular perfusion parameters in patients with DM without DR and with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) evaluated by two different swept-source (SS) OCT-A instruments using two scan protocols (3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm). One hundred eleven subjects/eyes were prospectively evaluated: 18 healthy controls (control group), 73 eyes with DM but no DR (no-DR group), and 20 eyes with mild NPDR (DR group).