Can we prevent hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy? Effects of postural management.

Background: Hip dislocation is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). At birth they do not have musculoskeletal deformities but they develop over time due to the combined effects of the movement disorder and impaired gross motor function. Early detection and treatment of a hip at risk is needed to modify the natural of hip development in CP.

Growth stimulation of beetle larvae reared on a transgenic oilseed rape expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitor.

The resistance of a transgenic line of oilseed rape expressing constitutively the cysteine proteinase inhibitor oryzacystatin I (OCI) was assessed against Psylliodes chrysocephala L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The levels of OCI expression in the transformed line averaged 0.

Molecular recognition of carbohydrates by a resorcinarene. Selective transport of alditols through a supported liquid membrane.

A supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing a resorcinarene carrier has been used for the selective transport of erythritol, threitol, ribitol and xylitol from concentrated (1.0-0.01 M) aqueous solutions.

High level of resistance to proteinase inhibitors may be conferred by proteolytic cleavage in beetle larvae.

Incorporation of genes encoding proteinase inhibitors into oilseed rape genome could confer resistance to Coleoptera, which are the major pests on rape in Europe. A detailed study of the digestive proteinase of a model cruciferous-feeding Coleoptera, Phaedon cochleariae, showed that this insect relies on a complex proteolytic system including serine, cysteine, aspartyl proteinases, and leucine aminopeptidases. The inhibition of general and specific activities by a range of proteinase inhibitors in vitro suggested that oryzacystatin I (OCI) and Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) would have adverse effects when ingested by the larvae.

Effect of conditioning on discrimination of oilseed rape volatiles by the honeybee: use of a combined gas chromatography-proboscis extension behavioural assay.

The coupled gas chromatography-proboscis extension assay technique was used on restrained worker bees to study responses to components of an extract of oilseed rape floral volatiles. Bees were stimulated with the effluent from the gas chromatograph after either paired or unpaired conditioning to the extract, or after a control treatment. Proboscis extension activity was elicited in six areas of the chromatogram.